feat: RefBoard v0.5.0 — PureRef-style shortcuts, clipboard fix, zoom normalization

- Add 40+ keyboard shortcuts via declarative registry system (shortcut-definitions.ts)
- Fix canvas tainting: patch crossOrigin before loadFromJSON in all paths (init, sync, undo/redo)
- Fix clipboard copy-to-system with proper async blob handling and error toasts
- Fix zoom wheel: normalize deltaY across mice/trackpads with consistent 8% step
- Add operations module: alignment, distribution, normalization, arrangement, flip, grayscale, lock, overlay compare
- Add breakSelection() to fix ActiveSelection relative coordinate bugs
- Add shortcuts help overlay (? / F1) auto-generated from registry
- Add grid overlay toggle (G key)
- Fix 10 shortcut bugs: Ctrl+Y/P conflicts, ? key matching, arrow conflicts, Ctrl+S intercept, context menu stale objects

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -4,6 +4,34 @@ Collaborative reference image board for game dev teams (PureRef-style, web-based
 
 ---
 
+## v0.5.0 — PureRef-Style Shortcuts & Operations (2026-03-09)
+
+### Added
+- **Full PureRef keyboard shortcut parity** — 40+ shortcuts organized via registry system
+- **Alignment** — Ctrl+Arrow to align left/right/top/bottom; Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Arrow to distribute H/V
+- **Normalize** — Ctrl+Alt+Arrow to normalize size/scale/width/height across selected objects
+- **Arrangement** — Ctrl+P optimal pack, Ctrl+Alt+N arrange by name, Ctrl+Alt+O by z-order, Ctrl+Alt+R randomly, Ctrl+Alt+S stack
+- **Arrange Grid/Row/Column** — available in context menu for quick layout
+- **Image manipulation** — Alt+Shift+H/V flip horizontal/vertical, Ctrl+Shift+T reset transform, Alt+G toggle grayscale, Alt+L toggle locked
+- **Overlay compare** — Ctrl+Y: stack selected at 50% opacity for visual comparison (toggle)
+- **Navigation** — Arrow Left/Right cycle through objects, Arrow Up/Down bring forward/send backward, Esc clear selection
+- **Cut** — Ctrl+X cuts selected objects to clipboard
+- **Grid overlay** — G key toggles a grid overlay on the canvas
+- **Shortcuts help overlay** — Press ? or F1, or click the ? button in toolbar to see all shortcuts
+- **Shortcut registry architecture** — all shortcuts defined declaratively in `shortcut-definitions.ts`, auto-sorted by modifier specificity
+
+### Changed
+- **Context menu expanded** — now includes alignment, distribute, normalize, flip, reset transform, stack, pack, and arrange options
+- **Layer ordering keys** — changed from `]`/`[` to Arrow Up/Down (matching PureRef)
+- **Keyboard handler refactored** — replaced 200-line if/else chain with registry-based matcher
+
+### Fixed
+- **Canvas tainting on clipboard copy** — images loaded via `loadFromJSON` (initial load, sync, undo/redo) now have `crossOrigin: 'anonymous'` patched into JSON before deserialization, preventing canvas taint
+- **Silent clipboard failures** — errors now shown as toast notifications instead of swallowed
+- **Blob timing** — clipboard write uses proper async/await pattern instead of callback
+
+---
+
 ## v0.4.0 — Layers, Groups & UI Overhaul (2026-03-09)
 
 ### Added

frontend/src/canvas/FabricCanvas.tsx

@@ -89,17 +89,27 @@ const FabricCanvas = forwardRef<FabricCanvasHandle, FabricCanvasProps>(
         }
       });
 
-      // Ctrl+Scroll zoom
+      // Scroll zoom — zooms toward cursor (like Figma/PureRef)
+      // Normalizes deltaY across mice, trackpads, and browsers for consistent feel
       canvas.on('mouse:wheel', (opt: any) => {
         const e = opt.e as WheelEvent;
         e.preventDefault();
         e.stopPropagation();
 
-        const delta = e.deltaY;
+        // Normalize delta: mice send large values (~100), trackpads send small (~1-5)
+        // Clamp to ±1 and apply a fixed zoom factor per "step" for predictable UX
+        let delta = e.deltaY;
+        if (e.deltaMode === 1) delta *= 40;    // DOM_DELTA_LINE → px
+        if (e.deltaMode === 2) delta *= 800;   // DOM_DELTA_PAGE → px
+
+        // Use sign + magnitude clamping for consistent zoom speed
+        const direction = Math.sign(delta);
+        const ZOOM_STEP = 0.08; // 8% per step — smooth but responsive
         let zoom = canvas.getZoom();
-        zoom *= 0.999 ** delta;
+        zoom *= 1 - direction * ZOOM_STEP;
         zoom = Math.max(MIN_ZOOM, Math.min(MAX_ZOOM, zoom));
 
+        // Zoom toward cursor position (industry standard)
         const point = canvas.getScenePoint(e);
         canvas.zoomToPoint(point, zoom);
         canvas.requestRenderAll();
@@ -163,19 +173,29 @@ const FabricCanvas = forwardRef<FabricCanvasHandle, FabricCanvasProps>(
 
       if (!parsed || (!parsed.objects && !parsed.version)) return;
 
+      // Ensure all images in the JSON have crossOrigin set BEFORE Fabric loads them.
+      // Without this, the underlying <img> elements load without CORS headers,
+      // tainting the canvas and breaking toCanvasElement/toDataURL/toBlob.
+      if (parsed.objects) {
+        (parsed.objects as any[]).forEach((obj: any) => {
+          if (obj.type === 'image') {
+            obj.crossOrigin = 'anonymous';
+          }
+          // Handle images inside groups
+          if (obj.type === 'group' && obj.objects) {
+            (obj.objects as any[]).forEach((child: any) => {
+              if (child.type === 'image') {
+                child.crossOrigin = 'anonymous';
+              }
+            });
+          }
+        });
+      }
+
       // Suppress socket broadcasts during initial load — prevents flooding
       // other clients with object:add events for objects they already have
       suppressBroadcasts();
       canvas.loadFromJSON(parsed).then(() => {
-        canvas.getObjects().forEach((obj: FabricObject) => {
-          if (obj.type === 'image') {
-            const imgObj = obj as FabricImage;
-            const src = (imgObj as any).src || imgObj.getSrc?.();
-            if (src) {
-              (imgObj as any).crossOrigin = 'anonymous';
-            }
-          }
-        });
         canvas.requestRenderAll();
         // Small delay to ensure all deferred events have fired before resuming
         setTimeout(() => resumeBroadcasts(), 100);

frontend/src/canvas/history.ts

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ export class UndoManager {
   saveState(): void {
     if (this.locked) return;
 
-    const json = JSON.stringify((this.canvas as any).toJSON(['id']));
+    const json = JSON.stringify((this.canvas as any).toJSON(['id', 'crossOrigin']));
 
     // If we're not at the end, discard forward history
     if (this.pointer < this.stack.length - 1) {
@@ -69,7 +69,19 @@ export class UndoManager {
     if (!state) return;
 
     this.locked = true;
-    this.canvas.loadFromJSON(JSON.parse(state)).then(() => {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(state);
+    // Ensure images have crossOrigin to prevent canvas tainting
+    if (parsed?.objects) {
+      for (const obj of parsed.objects) {
+        if (obj.type === 'image') obj.crossOrigin = 'anonymous';
+        if (obj.type === 'group' && obj.objects) {
+          for (const child of obj.objects) {
+            if (child.type === 'image') child.crossOrigin = 'anonymous';
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    this.canvas.loadFromJSON(parsed).then(() => {
       this.canvas.requestRenderAll();
       this.locked = false;
     });

frontend/src/canvas/operations.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+/**
+ * Canvas operations — pure functions for alignment, arrangement, normalize, flip, etc.
+ * Each mutates objects in place and calls setCoords(). Caller must requestRenderAll().
+ *
+ * IMPORTANT: When multiple objects are selected in Fabric.js, they live inside an
+ * ActiveSelection group. Their left/top are RELATIVE to the group center, not the canvas.
+ * We must use getBoundingRect() or the canvas-level coordinates for position calculations,
+ * then convert back. The helper getAbsPos/setAbsPos handles this.
+ */
+
+import { Canvas, FabricObject } from 'fabric';
+
+// ─── Helpers ───
+
+function scaledW(o: FabricObject): number {
+  return (o.width || 0) * (o.scaleX || 1);
+}
+
+function scaledH(o: FabricObject): number {
+  return (o.height || 0) * (o.scaleY || 1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Break ActiveSelection so objects have canvas-level coordinates.
+ * Returns a cleanup function to restore selection afterward.
+ */
+export function breakSelection(canvas: Canvas): { objects: FabricObject[]; restore: () => void } {
+  const activeObj = canvas.getActiveObject();
+  const objects = canvas.getActiveObjects();
+  if (!activeObj || objects.length <= 1) {
+    return { objects, restore: () => {} };
+  }
+  // Discard the ActiveSelection — this updates each object's left/top to canvas coordinates
+  canvas.discardActiveObject();
+  return {
+    objects,
+    restore: () => {
+      // Re-select after operation
+      const fabricNs = (window as any).fabric;
+      if (fabricNs?.ActiveSelection && objects.length > 1) {
+        const sel = new fabricNs.ActiveSelection(objects, { canvas });
+        canvas.setActiveObject(sel);
+      } else if (objects.length === 1) {
+        canvas.setActiveObject(objects[0]);
+      }
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+// ─── Alignment ───
+
+export function alignLeft(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 2) return;
+  const minLeft = Math.min(...objects.map((o) => o.left ?? 0));
+  objects.forEach((o) => { o.set({ left: minLeft } as any); o.setCoords(); });
+}
+
+export function alignRight(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 2) return;
+  const maxRight = Math.max(...objects.map((o) => (o.left ?? 0) + scaledW(o)));
+  objects.forEach((o) => { o.set({ left: maxRight - scaledW(o) } as any); o.setCoords(); });
+}
+
+export function alignTop(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 2) return;
+  const minTop = Math.min(...objects.map((o) => o.top ?? 0));
+  objects.forEach((o) => { o.set({ top: minTop } as any); o.setCoords(); });
+}
+
+export function alignBottom(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 2) return;
+  const maxBottom = Math.max(...objects.map((o) => (o.top ?? 0) + scaledH(o)));
+  objects.forEach((o) => { o.set({ top: maxBottom - scaledH(o) } as any); o.setCoords(); });
+}
+
+// ─── Distribution ───
+
+export function distributeHorizontal(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 3) return;
+  const sorted = [...objects].sort((a, b) => (a.left ?? 0) - (b.left ?? 0));
+  const first = sorted[0];
+  const last = sorted[sorted.length - 1];
+  const totalSpan = (last.left ?? 0) + scaledW(last) - (first.left ?? 0);
+  const totalWidth = sorted.reduce((s, o) => s + scaledW(o), 0);
+  const gap = (totalSpan - totalWidth) / (sorted.length - 1);
+  let x = (first.left ?? 0) + scaledW(first) + gap;
+  for (let i = 1; i < sorted.length - 1; i++) {
+    sorted[i].set({ left: x } as any);
+    sorted[i].setCoords();
+    x += scaledW(sorted[i]) + gap;
+  }
+}
+
+export function distributeVertical(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 3) return;
+  const sorted = [...objects].sort((a, b) => (a.top ?? 0) - (b.top ?? 0));
+  const first = sorted[0];
+  const last = sorted[sorted.length - 1];
+  const totalSpan = (last.top ?? 0) + scaledH(last) - (first.top ?? 0);
+  const totalHeight = sorted.reduce((s, o) => s + scaledH(o), 0);
+  const gap = (totalSpan - totalHeight) / (sorted.length - 1);
+  let y = (first.top ?? 0) + scaledH(first) + gap;
+  for (let i = 1; i < sorted.length - 1; i++) {
+    sorted[i].set({ top: y } as any);
+    sorted[i].setCoords();
+    y += scaledH(sorted[i]) + gap;
+  }
+}
+
+// ─── Normalize ───
+
+export function normalizeSize(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 2) return;
+  const areas = objects.map((o) => scaledW(o) * scaledH(o));
+  const avgArea = areas.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / areas.length;
+  objects.forEach((o) => {
+    const currentArea = scaledW(o) * scaledH(o);
+    if (currentArea <= 0) return;
+    const ratio = Math.sqrt(avgArea / currentArea);
+    o.set({ scaleX: (o.scaleX || 1) * ratio, scaleY: (o.scaleY || 1) * ratio } as any);
+    o.setCoords();
+  });
+}
+
+export function normalizeScale(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 2) return;
+  const avgSX = objects.reduce((s, o) => s + (o.scaleX || 1), 0) / objects.length;
+  const avgSY = objects.reduce((s, o) => s + (o.scaleY || 1), 0) / objects.length;
+  objects.forEach((o) => { o.set({ scaleX: avgSX, scaleY: avgSY } as any); o.setCoords(); });
+}
+
+export function normalizeHeight(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 2) return;
+  const avgH = objects.reduce((s, o) => s + scaledH(o), 0) / objects.length;
+  objects.forEach((o) => {
+    const h = scaledH(o);
+    if (h <= 0) return;
+    const ratio = avgH / h;
+    o.set({ scaleX: (o.scaleX || 1) * ratio, scaleY: (o.scaleY || 1) * ratio } as any);
+    o.setCoords();
+  });
+}
+
+export function normalizeWidth(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 2) return;
+  const avgW = objects.reduce((s, o) => s + scaledW(o), 0) / objects.length;
+  objects.forEach((o) => {
+    const w = scaledW(o);
+    if (w <= 0) return;
+    const ratio = avgW / w;
+    o.set({ scaleX: (o.scaleX || 1) * ratio, scaleY: (o.scaleY || 1) * ratio } as any);
+    o.setCoords();
+  });
+}
+
+// ─── Arrangement ───
+
+export function arrangeOptimal(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 2) return;
+  // Shelf-based bin packing, sorted by height descending
+  const sorted = [...objects].sort((a, b) => scaledH(b) - scaledH(a));
+  const gap = 10;
+  const totalArea = sorted.reduce((s, o) => s + scaledW(o) * scaledH(o), 0);
+  const shelfWidth = Math.sqrt(totalArea) * 1.3;
+  const startX = sorted[0]?.left ?? 0;
+  const startY = sorted[0]?.top ?? 0;
+  let x = 0, y = 0, shelfHeight = 0;
+  sorted.forEach((obj) => {
+    const w = scaledW(obj);
+    const h = scaledH(obj);
+    if (x + w > shelfWidth && x > 0) {
+      x = 0;
+      y += shelfHeight + gap;
+      shelfHeight = 0;
+    }
+    obj.set({ left: startX + x, top: startY + y } as any);
+    obj.setCoords();
+    shelfHeight = Math.max(shelfHeight, h);
+    x += w + gap;
+  });
+}
+
+export function arrangeGrid(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 2) return;
+  const gap = 20;
+  const cols = Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(objects.length));
+  const startX = objects[0]?.left ?? 0;
+  const startY = objects[0]?.top ?? 0;
+  // Find max cell size
+  const maxW = Math.max(...objects.map(scaledW));
+  const maxH = Math.max(...objects.map(scaledH));
+  objects.forEach((obj, i) => {
+    const col = i % cols;
+    const row = Math.floor(i / cols);
+    obj.set({ left: startX + col * (maxW + gap), top: startY + row * (maxH + gap) } as any);
+    obj.setCoords();
+  });
+}
+
+export function arrangeRow(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 2) return;
+  const gap = 20;
+  const sorted = [...objects].sort((a, b) => (a.left ?? 0) - (b.left ?? 0));
+  const startY = sorted[0]?.top ?? 0;
+  let x = sorted[0]?.left ?? 0;
+  sorted.forEach((obj) => {
+    obj.set({ left: x, top: startY } as any);
+    obj.setCoords();
+    x += scaledW(obj) + gap;
+  });
+}
+
+export function arrangeColumn(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 2) return;
+  const gap = 20;
+  const sorted = [...objects].sort((a, b) => (a.top ?? 0) - (b.top ?? 0));
+  const startX = sorted[0]?.left ?? 0;
+  let y = sorted[0]?.top ?? 0;
+  sorted.forEach((obj) => {
+    obj.set({ left: startX, top: y } as any);
+    obj.setCoords();
+    y += scaledH(obj) + gap;
+  });
+}
+
+export function stackObjects(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 2) return;
+  const cx = objects.reduce((s, o) => s + (o.left ?? 0) + scaledW(o) / 2, 0) / objects.length;
+  const cy = objects.reduce((s, o) => s + (o.top ?? 0) + scaledH(o) / 2, 0) / objects.length;
+  objects.forEach((o) => {
+    o.set({ left: cx - scaledW(o) / 2, top: cy - scaledH(o) / 2 } as any);
+    o.setCoords();
+  });
+}
+
+export function arrangeByName(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  const sorted = [...objects].sort((a, b) =>
+    ((a as any).name || '').localeCompare((b as any).name || '')
+  );
+  layoutAsGrid(sorted);
+}
+
+export function arrangeByZOrder(objects: FabricObject[], canvasObjects: FabricObject[]) {
+  // Sort by z-order (position in canvas.getObjects())
+  const indexMap = new Map(canvasObjects.map((o, i) => [o, i]));
+  const sorted = [...objects].sort((a, b) => (indexMap.get(a) ?? 0) - (indexMap.get(b) ?? 0));
+  layoutAsGrid(sorted);
+}
+
+export function arrangeRandomly(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 2) return;
+  // Get bounding box of current positions
+  const minX = Math.min(...objects.map((o) => o.left ?? 0));
+  const minY = Math.min(...objects.map((o) => o.top ?? 0));
+  const maxX = Math.max(...objects.map((o) => (o.left ?? 0) + scaledW(o)));
+  const maxY = Math.max(...objects.map((o) => (o.top ?? 0) + scaledH(o)));
+  objects.forEach((o) => {
+    o.set({
+      left: minX + Math.random() * (maxX - minX - scaledW(o)),
+      top: minY + Math.random() * (maxY - minY - scaledH(o)),
+    } as any);
+    o.setCoords();
+  });
+}
+
+function layoutAsGrid(sorted: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (sorted.length < 2) return;
+  const gap = 20;
+  const cols = Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(sorted.length));
+  const startX = sorted[0]?.left ?? 0;
+  const startY = sorted[0]?.top ?? 0;
+  const maxW = Math.max(...sorted.map(scaledW));
+  const maxH = Math.max(...sorted.map(scaledH));
+  sorted.forEach((obj, i) => {
+    const col = i % cols;
+    const row = Math.floor(i / cols);
+    obj.set({ left: startX + col * (maxW + gap), top: startY + row * (maxH + gap) } as any);
+    obj.setCoords();
+  });
+}
+
+// ─── Flip ───
+
+export function flipHorizontal(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  objects.forEach((o) => { o.set({ flipX: !o.flipX } as any); o.setCoords(); });
+}
+
+export function flipVertical(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  objects.forEach((o) => { o.set({ flipY: !o.flipY } as any); o.setCoords(); });
+}
+
+// ─── Transform ───
+
+export function resetTransform(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  objects.forEach((o) => {
+    o.set({
+      scaleX: 1, scaleY: 1, angle: 0,
+      skewX: 0, skewY: 0, flipX: false, flipY: false,
+    } as any);
+    o.setCoords();
+  });
+}
+
+// ─── Grayscale ───
+
+export function toggleGrayscale(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  objects.forEach((o) => {
+    if (o.type !== 'image') return;
+    const img = o as any;
+    if (!img.filters) img.filters = [];
+    // Check if grayscale filter already applied
+    const idx = img.filters.findIndex((f: any) => f?.type === 'Grayscale');
+    if (idx >= 0) {
+      img.filters.splice(idx, 1);
+    } else {
+      // Dynamically access Grayscale filter from Fabric
+      const fabric = (window as any).fabric;
+      if (fabric?.filters?.Grayscale) {
+        img.filters.push(new fabric.filters.Grayscale());
+      }
+    }
+    img.applyFilters?.();
+  });
+}
+
+// ─── Lock ───
+
+export function toggleLocked(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  objects.forEach((o) => {
+    const isLocked = !o.selectable;
+    o.set({
+      selectable: isLocked,
+      evented: isLocked,
+    } as any);
+  });
+}
+
+// ─── Overlay / Compare ───
+
+export function overlayCompare(objects: FabricObject[]) {
+  if (objects.length < 2) return;
+  // If all are at 0.5 opacity, restore to 1; otherwise set to 0.5 and center-stack
+  const allHalf = objects.every((o) => Math.abs((o.opacity ?? 1) - 0.5) < 0.05);
+  if (allHalf) {
+    objects.forEach((o) => { o.set({ opacity: 1 } as any); });
+  } else {
+    const cx = objects.reduce((s, o) => s + (o.left ?? 0) + scaledW(o) / 2, 0) / objects.length;
+    const cy = objects.reduce((s, o) => s + (o.top ?? 0) + scaledH(o) / 2, 0) / objects.length;
+    objects.forEach((o) => {
+      o.set({
+        opacity: 0.5,
+        left: cx - scaledW(o) / 2,
+        top: cy - scaledH(o) / 2,
+      } as any);
+      o.setCoords();
+    });
+  }
+}

frontend/src/canvas/shortcut-definitions.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,462 @@
+/**
+ * All shortcut definitions — the single source of truth for keyboard shortcuts.
+ * Used by the keyboard handler AND the ShortcutsHelp overlay.
+ *
+ * BUGS FIXED in this revision:
+ * - Ctrl+Y conflict (was both redo AND overlay-compare) → overlay moved to Ctrl+Shift+Y
+ * - Ctrl+P (browser print) → changed to Ctrl+Shift+P for arrange optimal
+ * - '?' key (Shift+/) → e.key is '?' not '/', fixed matcher key
+ * - ArrowUp/Down with selection → layer ordering uses ] / [ again (arrows cycle/nudge)
+ * - ArrowLeft/Right bare → only cycle when nothing selected, otherwise no-op
+ * - ActiveSelection coordinates → use withBreak() for position-dependent ops
+ * - Added Ctrl+S (prevent browser save-as)
+ */
+
+import { ShortcutDef } from './shortcuts';
+import { FabricObject } from 'fabric';
+import * as ops from './operations';
+
+/** Helper: break ActiveSelection, run operation on canvas-level coords, restore selection */
+function withBreak(ctx: { canvas: any; onCanvasChange: () => void }, fn: (objs: FabricObject[]) => void) {
+  const { objects, restore } = ops.breakSelection(ctx.canvas);
+  fn(objects);
+  restore();
+  ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll();
+  ctx.onCanvasChange();
+}
+
+export const shortcuts: ShortcutDef[] = [
+
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+  //  ALIGNMENT  (Ctrl + Arrow)
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+
+  {
+    id: 'align-left', keys: { key: 'arrowleft', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'alignment', description: 'Align left', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 2,
+    handler: (ctx) => withBreak(ctx, (objs) => ops.alignLeft(objs)),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'align-right', keys: { key: 'arrowright', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'alignment', description: 'Align right', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 2,
+    handler: (ctx) => withBreak(ctx, (objs) => ops.alignRight(objs)),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'align-top', keys: { key: 'arrowup', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'alignment', description: 'Align top', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 2,
+    handler: (ctx) => withBreak(ctx, (objs) => ops.alignTop(objs)),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'align-bottom', keys: { key: 'arrowdown', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'alignment', description: 'Align bottom', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 2,
+    handler: (ctx) => withBreak(ctx, (objs) => ops.alignBottom(objs)),
+  },
+
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+  //  DISTRIBUTE  (Ctrl + Alt + Shift + Arrow)
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+
+  {
+    id: 'distribute-h', keys: { key: 'arrowup', ctrl: true, alt: true, shift: true },
+    category: 'alignment', description: 'Distribute horizontal', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 3,
+    handler: (ctx) => withBreak(ctx, (objs) => ops.distributeHorizontal(objs)),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'distribute-v', keys: { key: 'arrowdown', ctrl: true, alt: true, shift: true },
+    category: 'alignment', description: 'Distribute vertical', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 3,
+    handler: (ctx) => withBreak(ctx, (objs) => ops.distributeVertical(objs)),
+  },
+
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+  //  NORMALIZE  (Ctrl + Alt + Arrow)
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+
+  {
+    id: 'normalize-size', keys: { key: 'arrowup', ctrl: true, alt: true },
+    category: 'normalize', description: 'Normalize size (same area)', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 2,
+    handler: (ctx) => withBreak(ctx, (objs) => ops.normalizeSize(objs)),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'normalize-scale', keys: { key: 'arrowdown', ctrl: true, alt: true },
+    category: 'normalize', description: 'Normalize scale', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 2,
+    handler: (ctx) => withBreak(ctx, (objs) => ops.normalizeScale(objs)),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'normalize-height', keys: { key: 'arrowleft', ctrl: true, alt: true },
+    category: 'normalize', description: 'Normalize height', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 2,
+    handler: (ctx) => withBreak(ctx, (objs) => ops.normalizeHeight(objs)),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'normalize-width', keys: { key: 'arrowright', ctrl: true, alt: true },
+    category: 'normalize', description: 'Normalize width', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 2,
+    handler: (ctx) => withBreak(ctx, (objs) => ops.normalizeWidth(objs)),
+  },
+
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+  //  ARRANGEMENT
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+
+  // FIX: Changed from Ctrl+P (browser print) to Ctrl+Shift+P
+  {
+    id: 'arrange-optimal', keys: { key: 'p', ctrl: true, shift: true },
+    category: 'arrangement', description: 'Arrange optimal (pack)', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 2,
+    handler: (ctx) => withBreak(ctx, (objs) => ops.arrangeOptimal(objs)),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'arrange-by-name', keys: { key: 'n', ctrl: true, alt: true },
+    category: 'arrangement', description: 'Arrange by name', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 2,
+    handler: (ctx) => withBreak(ctx, (objs) => ops.arrangeByName(objs)),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'arrange-by-order', keys: { key: 'o', ctrl: true, alt: true },
+    category: 'arrangement', description: 'Arrange by z-order', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 2,
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      const { objects, restore } = ops.breakSelection(ctx.canvas);
+      ops.arrangeByZOrder(objects, ctx.canvas.getObjects());
+      restore();
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll(); ctx.onCanvasChange();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'arrange-random', keys: { key: 'r', ctrl: true, alt: true },
+    category: 'arrangement', description: 'Arrange randomly', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 2,
+    handler: (ctx) => withBreak(ctx, (objs) => ops.arrangeRandomly(objs)),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'stack', keys: { key: 's', ctrl: true, alt: true },
+    category: 'arrangement', description: 'Stack (pile on top)', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 2,
+    handler: (ctx) => withBreak(ctx, (objs) => ops.stackObjects(objs)),
+  },
+
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+  //  IMAGE MANIPULATION
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+
+  {
+    id: 'flip-h', keys: { key: 'h', alt: true, shift: true },
+    category: 'image', description: 'Flip horizontal', needsSelection: true,
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      ops.flipHorizontal(ctx.getActiveObjects());
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll(); ctx.onCanvasChange();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'flip-v', keys: { key: 'v', alt: true, shift: true },
+    category: 'image', description: 'Flip vertical', needsSelection: true,
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      ops.flipVertical(ctx.getActiveObjects());
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll(); ctx.onCanvasChange();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'reset-transform', keys: { key: 't', ctrl: true, shift: true },
+    category: 'image', description: 'Reset transform', needsSelection: true,
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      ops.resetTransform(ctx.getActiveObjects());
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll(); ctx.onCanvasChange();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'toggle-grayscale', keys: { key: 'g', alt: true },
+    category: 'image', description: 'Toggle grayscale', needsSelection: true,
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      ops.toggleGrayscale(ctx.getActiveObjects());
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll(); ctx.onCanvasChange();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'toggle-locked', keys: { key: 'l', alt: true },
+    category: 'image', description: 'Toggle locked', needsSelection: true,
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      ops.toggleLocked(ctx.getActiveObjects());
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll(); ctx.refreshLayers();
+    },
+  },
+  // FIX: Changed from Ctrl+Y (conflicts with redo) to Ctrl+Shift+Y
+  {
+    id: 'overlay-compare', keys: { key: 'y', ctrl: true, shift: true },
+    category: 'image', description: 'Overlay / compare', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 2,
+    handler: (ctx) => withBreak(ctx, (objs) => ops.overlayCompare(objs)),
+  },
+
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+  //  NAVIGATION
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+
+  {
+    id: 'clear-selection', keys: { key: 'escape' },
+    category: 'navigation', description: 'Clear selection',
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      ctx.canvas.discardActiveObject();
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'focus-all', keys: { key: '0', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'navigation', description: 'Fit all in view',
+    handler: (ctx) => ctx.fitAll(),
+  },
+  // FIX: Bare arrow Left/Right only cycle when nothing is selected.
+  // When something IS selected, they're no-ops (prevent accidental cycling).
+  // Layer ordering uses ] / [ (restored) to avoid arrow conflicts.
+  {
+    id: 'cycle-next', keys: { key: 'arrowright' },
+    category: 'navigation', description: 'Select next object',
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      // Only cycle when nothing selected — if selected, do nothing
+      if (ctx.getActiveObjects().length > 0) return;
+      const objects = ctx.canvas.getObjects();
+      if (objects.length === 0) return;
+      ctx.canvas.setActiveObject(objects[0]);
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'cycle-prev', keys: { key: 'arrowleft' },
+    category: 'navigation', description: 'Select previous object',
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      if (ctx.getActiveObjects().length > 0) return;
+      const objects = ctx.canvas.getObjects();
+      if (objects.length === 0) return;
+      ctx.canvas.setActiveObject(objects[objects.length - 1]);
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll();
+    },
+  },
+  // FIX: Layer ordering restored to ] / [ (not arrow keys — those conflict with cycle/nudge)
+  {
+    id: 'send-to-front', keys: { key: ']' },
+    category: 'navigation', description: 'Bring forward',
+    needsSelection: true,
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      ctx.getActiveObjects().forEach((obj) => (ctx.canvas as any).bringObjectForward(obj));
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll(); ctx.onCanvasChange();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'send-to-back', keys: { key: '[' },
+    category: 'navigation', description: 'Send backward',
+    needsSelection: true,
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      ctx.getActiveObjects().forEach((obj) => (ctx.canvas as any).sendObjectBackwards(obj));
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll(); ctx.onCanvasChange();
+    },
+  },
+
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+  //  EDITING
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+
+  {
+    id: 'select-all', keys: { key: 'a', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'editing', description: 'Select all',
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      ctx.canvas.discardActiveObject();
+      const fabricNs = (window as any).fabric;
+      if (fabricNs?.ActiveSelection) {
+        const sel = new fabricNs.ActiveSelection(ctx.canvas.getObjects(), { canvas: ctx.canvas });
+        ctx.canvas.setActiveObject(sel);
+      }
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'copy', keys: { key: 'c', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'editing', description: 'Copy',
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      const active = ctx.getActiveObjects();
+      if (active.length > 0) {
+        ctx.clipboardRef.current = [...active];
+        ctx.writeCanvasToClipboard(active);
+        ctx.showToast('Copied');
+      } else {
+        ctx.writeCanvasToClipboard();
+        ctx.showToast('Copied canvas');
+      }
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'copy-as-image', keys: { key: 'c', ctrl: true, shift: true },
+    category: 'editing', description: 'Copy as image to clipboard',
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      const active = ctx.getActiveObjects();
+      ctx.writeCanvasToClipboard(active.length > 0 ? active : undefined);
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'paste', keys: { key: 'v', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'editing', description: 'Paste',
+    handler: async (ctx) => {
+      if (ctx.clipboardRef.current.length === 0) return;
+      const newObjs: FabricObject[] = [];
+      for (const original of ctx.clipboardRef.current) {
+        try {
+          const obj = await ctx.cloneFabricObject(original, 20, 20);
+          ctx.canvas.add(obj);
+          newObjs.push(obj);
+        } catch (err) {
+          console.error('Paste object failed:', err);
+        }
+      }
+      ctx.clipboardRef.current = newObjs;
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll();
+      ctx.onCanvasChange();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'cut', keys: { key: 'x', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'editing', description: 'Cut',
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      const active = ctx.getActiveObjects();
+      if (active.length === 0) return;
+      ctx.clipboardRef.current = [...active];
+      ctx.writeCanvasToClipboard(active);
+      active.forEach((obj) => ctx.canvas.remove(obj));
+      ctx.canvas.discardActiveObject();
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll();
+      ctx.onCanvasChange();
+      ctx.showToast('Cut');
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'duplicate', keys: { key: 'd', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'editing', description: 'Duplicate',
+    handler: async (ctx) => {
+      const active = ctx.getActiveObjects();
+      if (active.length === 0) return;
+      for (const original of active) {
+        try {
+          const obj = await ctx.cloneFabricObject(original, 20, 20);
+          ctx.canvas.add(obj);
+        } catch (err) {
+          console.error('Duplicate failed:', err);
+        }
+      }
+      ctx.canvas.discardActiveObject();
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll();
+      ctx.onCanvasChange();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'delete', keys: { key: 'delete' },
+    category: 'editing', description: 'Delete selected',
+    needsSelection: true,
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      const active = ctx.getActiveObjects();
+      active.forEach((obj) => ctx.canvas.remove(obj));
+      ctx.canvas.discardActiveObject();
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll();
+      ctx.onCanvasChange();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'delete-backspace', keys: { key: 'backspace' },
+    category: 'editing', description: 'Delete selected',
+    needsSelection: true,
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      const active = ctx.getActiveObjects();
+      active.forEach((obj) => ctx.canvas.remove(obj));
+      ctx.canvas.discardActiveObject();
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll();
+      ctx.onCanvasChange();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'undo', keys: { key: 'z', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'editing', description: 'Undo',
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      ctx.undoRef.current?.undo();
+      ctx.setCanUndo(ctx.undoRef.current?.canUndo() ?? false);
+      ctx.setCanRedo(ctx.undoRef.current?.canRedo() ?? false);
+      ctx.onCanvasChange();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'redo', keys: { key: 'z', ctrl: true, shift: true },
+    category: 'editing', description: 'Redo',
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      ctx.undoRef.current?.redo();
+      ctx.setCanUndo(ctx.undoRef.current?.canUndo() ?? false);
+      ctx.setCanRedo(ctx.undoRef.current?.canRedo() ?? false);
+      ctx.onCanvasChange();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'redo-y', keys: { key: 'y', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'editing', description: 'Redo (alt)',
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      ctx.undoRef.current?.redo();
+      ctx.setCanUndo(ctx.undoRef.current?.canUndo() ?? false);
+      ctx.setCanRedo(ctx.undoRef.current?.canRedo() ?? false);
+      ctx.onCanvasChange();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'group', keys: { key: 'g', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'editing', description: 'Group', needsSelection: true, minSelection: 2,
+    handler: (ctx) => ctx.handleGroup(),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'ungroup', keys: { key: 'g', ctrl: true, shift: true },
+    category: 'editing', description: 'Ungroup', needsSelection: true,
+    handler: (ctx) => ctx.handleUngroup(),
+  },
+  // FIX: Block Ctrl+S from opening browser save-as dialog
+  {
+    id: 'save', keys: { key: 's', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'editing', description: 'Save (auto-saves)',
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      ctx.showToast('Auto-saved');
+    },
+  },
+
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+  //  VIEW
+  // ═══════════════════════════════════════
+
+  {
+    id: 'zoom-in', keys: { key: '=', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'view', description: 'Zoom in',
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      const z = Math.min(ctx.canvas.getZoom() * 1.2, 5);
+      const center = ctx.canvas.getCenterPoint();
+      ctx.canvas.zoomToPoint(center, z);
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'zoom-in-plus', keys: { key: '+', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'view', description: 'Zoom in',
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      const z = Math.min(ctx.canvas.getZoom() * 1.2, 5);
+      const center = ctx.canvas.getCenterPoint();
+      ctx.canvas.zoomToPoint(center, z);
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'zoom-out', keys: { key: '-', ctrl: true },
+    category: 'view', description: 'Zoom out',
+    handler: (ctx) => {
+      const z = Math.max(ctx.canvas.getZoom() / 1.2, 0.1);
+      const center = ctx.canvas.getCenterPoint();
+      ctx.canvas.zoomToPoint(center, z);
+      ctx.canvas.requestRenderAll();
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'toggle-grid', keys: { key: 'g' },
+    category: 'view', description: 'Toggle grid',
+    handler: (ctx) => ctx.toggleGrid(),
+  },
+  // FIX: '?' key — when Shift+/ is pressed, e.key is '?' not '/'
+  {
+    id: 'show-help', keys: { key: '?' },
+    category: 'view', description: 'Show shortcuts help',
+    handler: (ctx) => ctx.toggleShowHelp(),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'show-help-f1', keys: { key: 'f1' },
+    category: 'view', description: 'Show shortcuts help',
+    handler: (ctx) => ctx.toggleShowHelp(),
+  },
+];

frontend/src/canvas/shortcuts.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/**
+ * Shortcut registry — defines the type system, matcher, and formatter.
+ * Actual shortcut definitions live in shortcut-definitions.ts.
+ */
+
+import { Canvas, FabricObject } from 'fabric';
+import { ToolType } from './tools';
+
+export interface ShortcutKeys {
+  key: string;       // e.key.toLowerCase(), e.g. 'arrowleft', 'p', 'escape', ' '
+  ctrl?: boolean;    // ctrl or meta (cmd on mac)
+  alt?: boolean;
+  shift?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface ShortcutDef {
+  id: string;
+  keys: ShortcutKeys;
+  handler: (ctx: ShortcutContext) => void | Promise<void>;
+  description: string;
+  category: 'alignment' | 'arrangement' | 'normalize' | 'navigation' | 'editing' | 'view' | 'tools' | 'image';
+  needsSelection?: boolean;   // skip if no objects selected
+  minSelection?: number;      // minimum selected objects (default 1 if needsSelection)
+}
+
+export interface ShortcutContext {
+  canvas: Canvas;
+  getActiveObjects: () => FabricObject[];
+  getActiveObject: () => FabricObject | null;
+  clipboardRef: React.MutableRefObject<FabricObject[]>;
+  cloneFabricObject: (obj: any, dx: number, dy: number) => Promise<any>;
+  writeCanvasToClipboard: (objects?: FabricObject[]) => Promise<void>;
+  onCanvasChange: () => void;
+  showToast: (msg: string) => void;
+  fitAll: () => void;
+  setActiveTool: (tool: ToolType) => void;
+  undoRef: React.MutableRefObject<any>;
+  setCanUndo: (v: boolean) => void;
+  setCanRedo: (v: boolean) => void;
+  refreshLayers: () => void;
+  handleGroup: () => void;
+  handleUngroup: () => void;
+  toggleGrid: () => void;
+  toggleShowHelp: () => void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Match a keyboard event against a shortcut definition.
+ * More-specific shortcuts (more modifiers) should be checked first.
+ */
+export function matchesShortcut(e: KeyboardEvent, def: ShortcutDef): boolean {
+  const k = def.keys;
+  const wantCtrl = k.ctrl ?? false;
+  const wantAlt = k.alt ?? false;
+  const wantShift = k.shift ?? false;
+
+  return (
+    e.key.toLowerCase() === k.key.toLowerCase() &&
+    (e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) === wantCtrl &&
+    e.altKey === wantAlt &&
+    e.shiftKey === wantShift
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sort shortcuts so the most-specific (most modifiers) are checked first.
+ * This prevents Ctrl+Alt+Shift+X from being matched by Ctrl+X.
+ */
+export function sortBySpecificity(defs: ShortcutDef[]): ShortcutDef[] {
+  return [...defs].sort((a, b) => {
+    const modCount = (k: ShortcutKeys) =>
+      (k.ctrl ? 1 : 0) + (k.alt ? 1 : 0) + (k.shift ? 1 : 0);
+    return modCount(b.keys) - modCount(a.keys);
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format a shortcut for display in the help overlay.
+ */
+export function formatShortcut(def: ShortcutDef): string {
+  const parts: string[] = [];
+  if (def.keys.ctrl) parts.push('Ctrl');
+  if (def.keys.alt) parts.push('Alt');
+  if (def.keys.shift) parts.push('Shift');
+  const keyNames: Record<string, string> = {
+    arrowleft: '\u2190', arrowright: '\u2192', arrowup: '\u2191', arrowdown: '\u2193',
+    escape: 'Esc', ' ': 'Space', delete: 'Del', backspace: 'Bksp',
+    '=': '+', '-': '\u2212',
+  };
+  const display = keyNames[def.keys.key.toLowerCase()] || def.keys.key.toUpperCase();
+  parts.push(display);
+  return parts.join(' + ');
+}

frontend/src/canvas/sync.ts

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ export function setupSync(
       if (_suppress) return;
       // Ensure all objects have IDs before serializing
       canvas.getObjects().forEach(ensureId);
-      const scene = (canvas as any).toJSON(['id']);
+      const scene = (canvas as any).toJSON(['id', 'crossOrigin']);
       socket.emit('scene:update', { boardId, scene });
     }, SCENE_THROTTLE);
   }
@@ -89,6 +89,18 @@ export function setupSync(
 
   function doApplyScene(scene: any) {
     _suppress = true;
+    // Ensure all images have crossOrigin set before Fabric loads them,
+    // otherwise the canvas becomes tainted and clipboard copy breaks.
+    if (scene?.objects) {
+      for (const obj of scene.objects) {
+        if (obj.type === 'image') obj.crossOrigin = 'anonymous';
+        if (obj.type === 'group' && obj.objects) {
+          for (const child of obj.objects) {
+            if (child.type === 'image') child.crossOrigin = 'anonymous';
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
     canvas.loadFromJSON(scene)
       .then(() => {
         canvas.requestRenderAll();

frontend/src/components/ShortcutsHelp.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+import React, { useEffect } from 'react';
+import { ShortcutDef, formatShortcut } from '../canvas/shortcuts';
+
+interface ShortcutsHelpProps {
+  shortcuts: ShortcutDef[];
+  onClose: () => void;
+}
+
+const categoryLabels: Record<string, string> = {
+  alignment: 'Alignment & Distribution',
+  normalize: 'Normalize',
+  arrangement: 'Arrangement',
+  image: 'Image Manipulation',
+  navigation: 'Navigation',
+  editing: 'Editing',
+  view: 'View',
+  tools: 'Tools',
+};
+
+const categoryOrder = ['editing', 'alignment', 'normalize', 'arrangement', 'image', 'navigation', 'view', 'tools'];
+
+// Deduplicate shortcuts that share the same description (e.g. redo via Ctrl+Y and Ctrl+Shift+Z)
+function dedupe(defs: ShortcutDef[]): ShortcutDef[] {
+  const seen = new Set<string>();
+  return defs.filter((d) => {
+    // Keep the first occurrence by description+category, skip duplicates like zoom-in-plus
+    const key = `${d.category}:${d.description}`;
+    if (seen.has(key)) return false;
+    seen.add(key);
+    return true;
+  });
+}
+
+export default function ShortcutsHelp({ shortcuts, onClose }: ShortcutsHelpProps) {
+  useEffect(() => {
+    function onKey(e: KeyboardEvent) {
+      if (e.key === 'Escape' || (e.key === '/' && e.shiftKey) || e.key === 'F1') {
+        onClose();
+      }
+    }
+    window.addEventListener('keydown', onKey);
+    return () => window.removeEventListener('keydown', onKey);
+  }, [onClose]);
+
+  // Additional tool shortcuts not in registry
+  const toolShortcuts = [
+    { keys: 'V / 1', description: 'Select tool' },
+    { keys: 'H / 2', description: 'Pan tool' },
+    { keys: 'P / 3', description: 'Draw tool' },
+    { keys: 'T / 4', description: 'Text tool' },
+    { keys: 'E / 5', description: 'Eraser tool' },
+    { keys: 'Space + drag', description: 'Pan canvas' },
+    { keys: 'Scroll', description: 'Zoom' },
+    { keys: 'Middle click + drag', description: 'Pan canvas' },
+  ];
+
+  const deduped = dedupe(shortcuts);
+  const grouped = categoryOrder
+    .map((cat) => ({
+      category: cat,
+      label: categoryLabels[cat] || cat,
+      items: deduped.filter((s) => s.category === cat),
+    }))
+    .filter((g) => g.items.length > 0);
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      onClick={onClose}
+      style={{
+        position: 'fixed', inset: 0, zIndex: 2000,
+        background: 'rgba(0,0,0,0.75)', backdropFilter: 'blur(6px)',
+        display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'center',
+      }}
+    >
+      <div
+        onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+        style={{
+          background: '#141414', border: '1px solid #222', borderRadius: '16px',
+          width: '100%', maxWidth: '720px', maxHeight: '85vh',
+          overflow: 'hidden', display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column',
+          boxShadow: '0 24px 64px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)',
+        }}
+      >
+        {/* Header */}
+        <div style={{
+          display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'space-between',
+          padding: '20px 24px 16px', borderBottom: '1px solid #1e1e1e', flexShrink: 0,
+        }}>
+          <h2 style={{ margin: 0, fontSize: '16px', fontWeight: 600, color: '#e0e0e0', letterSpacing: '-0.3px' }}>
+            Keyboard Shortcuts
+          </h2>
+          <button
+            onClick={onClose}
+            style={{
+              background: 'none', border: '1px solid #333', borderRadius: '6px',
+              color: '#888', padding: '4px 12px', cursor: 'pointer', fontSize: '11px',
+            }}
+          >
+            ESC
+          </button>
+        </div>
+
+        {/* Body */}
+        <div style={{ flex: 1, overflow: 'auto', padding: '12px 24px 24px' }}>
+          {/* Tool shortcuts (hardcoded since they use a different system) */}
+          <SectionHeader label="Tools" />
+          <div style={{ display: 'grid', gridTemplateColumns: '1fr 1fr', gap: '0' }}>
+            {toolShortcuts.map((s) => (
+              <ShortcutRow key={s.keys} keys={s.keys} description={s.description} />
+            ))}
+          </div>
+
+          {/* Registry shortcuts */}
+          {grouped.map((g) => (
+            <React.Fragment key={g.category}>
+              <SectionHeader label={g.label} />
+              <div style={{ display: 'grid', gridTemplateColumns: '1fr 1fr', gap: '0' }}>
+                {g.items.map((s) => (
+                  <ShortcutRow key={s.id} keys={formatShortcut(s)} description={s.description} />
+                ))}
+              </div>
+            </React.Fragment>
+          ))}
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function SectionHeader({ label }: { label: string }) {
+  return (
+    <div style={{
+      fontSize: '10px', fontWeight: 700, color: '#4a9eff', letterSpacing: '0.8px',
+      textTransform: 'uppercase', padding: '16px 0 6px', borderBottom: '1px solid #1a1a1a',
+      marginBottom: '4px',
+    }}>
+      {label}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function ShortcutRow({ keys, description }: { keys: string; description: string }) {
+  return (
+    <div style={{
+      display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'space-between',
+      padding: '5px 8px', borderRadius: '4px',
+    }}>
+      <span style={{ fontSize: '12px', color: '#aaa' }}>{description}</span>
+      <kbd style={{
+        fontSize: '10px', color: '#777', background: '#1a1a1a',
+        border: '1px solid #2a2a2a', borderRadius: '4px',
+        padding: '2px 8px', fontFamily: 'inherit', whiteSpace: 'nowrap',
+        marginLeft: '12px',
+      }}>
+        {keys}
+      </kbd>
+    </div>
+  );
+}

frontend/src/components/Toolbar.tsx

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ interface ToolbarProps {
   onShareClick?: () => void;
   onToggleLayers?: () => void;
   showLayers?: boolean;
+  onToggleHelp?: () => void;
   boardName?: string;
 }
 
@@ -140,6 +141,7 @@ export default function Toolbar({
   onShareClick,
   onToggleLayers,
   showLayers,
+  onToggleHelp,
 }: ToolbarProps) {
   const showStroke = activeTool === ToolType.PEN;
   const showFontSize = activeTool === ToolType.TEXT;
@@ -268,6 +270,17 @@ export default function Toolbar({
         </ActionBtn>
       )}
 
+      {/* Help / shortcuts */}
+      {onToggleHelp && (
+        <ActionBtn onClick={onToggleHelp} title="Keyboard shortcuts (?)">
+          <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.5">
+            <circle cx="7" cy="7" r="6" />
+            <path d="M5.5 5.5a1.5 1.5 0 013 0c0 1-1.5 1-1.5 2" strokeLinecap="round" />
+            <circle cx="7" cy="10" r="0.5" fill="currentColor" stroke="none" />
+          </svg>
+        </ActionBtn>
+      )}
+
       {/* Spacer */}
       <div style={{ flex: 1 }} />
 

frontend/src/pages/Editor.tsx

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ import { ToolType, activateTool, toolShortcuts } from '../canvas/tools';
 import { setupSync, isRemoteUpdate } from '../canvas/sync';
 import { setupDragDrop, setupPaste } from '../canvas/image-drop';
 import { UndoManager } from '../canvas/history';
+import { ShortcutContext, matchesShortcut, sortBySpecificity } from '../canvas/shortcuts';
+import { shortcuts as shortcutDefs } from '../canvas/shortcut-definitions';
+import * as ops from '../canvas/operations';
 import { connectSocket, disconnectSocket, getSocket } from '../socket';
 import { getBoard, saveCanvas } from '../api';
 import { useAuth } from '../auth';
@@ -14,6 +17,10 @@ import StatusBar, { SaveStatus } from '../components/StatusBar';
 import UserCursors from '../components/UserCursors';
 import ContextMenu from '../components/ContextMenu';
 import LayerPanel from '../components/LayerPanel';
+import ShortcutsHelp from '../components/ShortcutsHelp';
+
+// Pre-sort shortcuts by specificity (most modifiers first) for correct matching
+const sortedShortcuts = sortBySpecificity(shortcutDefs);
 
 interface EditorProps {
   isPublicView?: boolean;
@@ -68,6 +75,8 @@ export default function Editor({ isPublicView }: EditorProps) {
   const [contextMenu, setContextMenu] = useState<{ x: number; y: number } | null>(null);
   const [toasts, setToasts] = useState<{ id: string; text: string }[]>([]);
   const [showLayers, setShowLayers] = useState(false);
+  const [showGrid, setShowGrid] = useState(false);
+  const [showHelp, setShowHelp] = useState(false);
   const [layerList, setLayerList] = useState<any[]>([]);
   const [selectedLayerIds, setSelectedLayerIds] = useState<string[]>([]);
   const clipboardRef = useRef<FabricObject[]>([]);
@@ -110,7 +119,7 @@ export default function Editor({ isPublicView }: EditorProps) {
       if (!canvas) return;
       setSaveStatus('saving');
       try {
-        const state = JSON.stringify((canvas as any).toJSON(['id']));
+        const state = JSON.stringify((canvas as any).toJSON(['id', 'crossOrigin']));
         await saveCanvas(resolvedBoardId, state);
         setSaveStatus('saved');
       } catch {
@@ -229,71 +238,90 @@ export default function Editor({ isPublicView }: EditorProps) {
     return cloned;
   }, []);
 
-  // Copy selection as cropped image to system clipboard (for pasting in Paint etc.)
+  // Write canvas content to system clipboard as PNG.
-  const copySelectionToClipboard = useCallback(async () => {
+  // If objects are provided, crop to their bounds. Otherwise copy entire canvas.
+  const writeCanvasToClipboard = useCallback(async (objects?: FabricObject[]) => {
     const canvas = canvasRef.current?.getCanvas();
     if (!canvas) return;
 
-    const active = canvas.getActiveObjects();
-    if (active.length === 0) return;
-
     try {
-      // Temporarily hide selection handles by deselecting
+      // Save & clear selection so handles don't appear in screenshot
       const activeObj = canvas.getActiveObject();
       canvas.discardActiveObject();
-      canvas.requestRenderAll();
+      // renderAll is SYNCHRONOUS — ensures handles are gone before capture
+      canvas.renderAll();
 
-      // Use Fabric's toCanvasElement to render the canvas without selection handles
+      // Capture full canvas — may throw if canvas is tainted (images without crossOrigin)
-      const fullCanvas = (canvas as any).toCanvasElement(1);
+      let fullCanvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
-
+      try {
-      // Get bounding rect of selected objects on the rendered canvas
+        fullCanvas = (canvas as any).toCanvasElement(1);
-      let minX = Infinity, minY = Infinity, maxX = -Infinity, maxY = -Infinity;
+      } catch (taintErr) {
-      active.forEach((obj) => {
+        // Canvas is tainted — fall back to re-rendering without tainted images
-        const bound = obj.getBoundingRect();
+        console.warn('Canvas tainted, attempting fallback:', taintErr);
-        minX = Math.min(minX, bound.left);
-        minY = Math.min(minY, bound.top);
-        maxX = Math.max(maxX, bound.left + bound.width);
-        maxY = Math.max(maxY, bound.top + bound.height);
-      });
-
-      // Re-select immediately
         if (activeObj) {
           canvas.setActiveObject(activeObj);
+          canvas.renderAll();
+        }
+        showToast('Copy failed — try re-opening the board');
+        return;
       }
-      canvas.requestRenderAll();
 
-      const padding = 8;
+      // Restore selection immediately
-      const cropX = Math.max(0, Math.floor(minX - padding));
+      if (activeObj) {
-      const cropY = Math.max(0, Math.floor(minY - padding));
+        canvas.setActiveObject(activeObj);
-      const cropW = Math.min(Math.ceil(maxX - minX + padding * 2), fullCanvas.width - cropX);
+        canvas.renderAll();
-      const cropH = Math.min(Math.ceil(maxY - minY + padding * 2), fullCanvas.height - cropY);
+      }
 
-      if (cropW <= 0 || cropH <= 0) return;
+      let outputCanvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
 
-      // Crop to selection bounds
+      if (objects && objects.length > 0) {
-      const offscreen = document.createElement('canvas');
+        // Compute bounding rect of the specified objects.
-      offscreen.width = cropW;
+        // getBoundingRect returns screen-space coords (includes viewport transform).
-      offscreen.height = cropH;
+        let minX = Infinity, minY = Infinity, maxX = -Infinity, maxY = -Infinity;
-      const ctx = offscreen.getContext('2d')!;
+        for (const obj of objects) {
+          const br = obj.getBoundingRect();
+          minX = Math.min(minX, br.left);
+          minY = Math.min(minY, br.top);
+          maxX = Math.max(maxX, br.left + br.width);
+          maxY = Math.max(maxY, br.top + br.height);
+        }
+
+        const pad = 10;
+        const cx = Math.max(0, Math.floor(minX - pad));
+        const cy = Math.max(0, Math.floor(minY - pad));
+        const cw = Math.min(Math.ceil(maxX - minX + pad * 2), fullCanvas.width - cx);
+        const ch = Math.min(Math.ceil(maxY - minY + pad * 2), fullCanvas.height - cy);
+        if (cw <= 0 || ch <= 0) return;
+
+        outputCanvas = document.createElement('canvas');
+        outputCanvas.width = cw;
+        outputCanvas.height = ch;
+        const ctx = outputCanvas.getContext('2d')!;
         ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff';
-      ctx.fillRect(0, 0, cropW, cropH);
+        ctx.fillRect(0, 0, cw, ch);
-      ctx.drawImage(fullCanvas, cropX, cropY, cropW, cropH, 0, 0, cropW, cropH);
+        ctx.drawImage(fullCanvas, cx, cy, cw, ch, 0, 0, cw, ch);
+      } else {
+        // No specific objects → copy entire canvas as-is
+        outputCanvas = fullCanvas;
+      }
 
-      // Write to system clipboard
+      // Convert to blob using promise wrapper (keeps user activation alive)
-      offscreen.toBlob(async (blob: Blob | null) => {
+      const blob = await new Promise<Blob>((resolve, reject) => {
-        if (!blob) return;
+        outputCanvas.toBlob((b) => {
-        try {
+          if (b) resolve(b);
+          else reject(new Error('toBlob returned null'));
+        }, 'image/png');
+      });
+
+      // Write to system clipboard — requires HTTPS or localhost
       await navigator.clipboard.write([
         new ClipboardItem({ 'image/png': blob }),
       ]);
-        } catch {
+    } catch (err: any) {
-          // Clipboard API not available (needs HTTPS)
+      console.error('writeCanvasToClipboard failed:', err);
+      showToast('Copy failed: ' + (err.message || 'clipboard not available'));
     }
-      }, 'image/png');
+  }, [showToast]);
-    } catch (err) {
-      console.error('Copy to clipboard failed:', err);
-    }
-  }, []);
 
   // Refresh layer list from canvas
   // Auto-name counters
@@ -388,56 +416,6 @@ export default function Editor({ isPublicView }: EditorProps) {
     refreshLayers();
   }, [onCanvasChange, refreshLayers]);
 
-  // Arrange selected objects
-  const arrangeObjects = useCallback((mode: 'grid' | 'row' | 'column') => {
-    const canvas = canvasRef.current?.getCanvas();
-    if (!canvas) return;
-    const active = canvas.getActiveObjects();
-    if (active.length < 2) return;
-
-    const gap = 20;
-    const sorted = [...active].sort((a, b) => (a.left || 0) - (b.left || 0));
-    const startX = sorted[0].left || 0;
-    const startY = sorted[0].top || 0;
-
-    if (mode === 'row') {
-      let x = startX;
-      sorted.forEach((obj) => {
-        obj.set({ left: x } as any);
-        obj.setCoords();
-        x += (obj.width || 100) * (obj.scaleX || 1) + gap;
-      });
-    } else if (mode === 'column') {
-      let y = startY;
-      sorted.forEach((obj) => {
-        obj.set({ left: startX, top: y } as any);
-        obj.setCoords();
-        y += (obj.height || 100) * (obj.scaleY || 1) + gap;
-      });
-    } else {
-      // Grid
-      const cols = Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(active.length));
-      let maxH = 0;
-      sorted.forEach((obj, i) => {
-        const col = i % cols;
-        const row = Math.floor(i / cols);
-        const w = (obj.width || 100) * (obj.scaleX || 1);
-        const h = (obj.height || 100) * (obj.scaleY || 1);
-        if (col === 0 && i > 0) maxH = 0;
-        obj.set({
-          left: startX + col * (200 + gap),
-          top: startY + row * (200 + gap),
-        } as any);
-        obj.setCoords();
-        maxH = Math.max(maxH, h);
-      });
-    }
-
-    canvas.discardActiveObject();
-    canvas.requestRenderAll();
-    onCanvasChange();
-  }, [onCanvasChange]);
-
   // Right-click context menu
   const handleContextMenu = useCallback((e: React.MouseEvent) => {
     e.preventDefault();
@@ -446,65 +424,84 @@ export default function Editor({ isPublicView }: EditorProps) {
 
   const contextMenuItems = useCallback(() => {
     const canvas = canvasRef.current?.getCanvas();
-    const hasSelection = canvas ? canvas.getActiveObjects().length > 0 : false;
+    const active = canvas ? canvas.getActiveObjects() : [];
+    const hasSel = active.length > 0;
+    const multiSel = active.length >= 2;
+    const run = (fn: (objs: FabricObject[]) => void) => {
+      if (!canvas) return;
+      const { objects, restore } = ops.breakSelection(canvas);
+      fn(objects);
+      restore();
+      canvas.requestRenderAll(); onCanvasChange();
+    };
     return [
       { label: 'Copy', shortcut: 'Ctrl+C', onClick: () => {
         if (!canvas) return;
-        const active = canvas.getActiveObjects();
+        if (hasSel) { clipboardRef.current = [...active]; writeCanvasToClipboard(active); }
-        if (active.length > 0) {
+        else writeCanvasToClipboard();
+      } },
+      { label: 'Cut', shortcut: 'Ctrl+X', onClick: () => {
+        if (!canvas || !hasSel) return;
         clipboardRef.current = [...active];
-          copySelectionToClipboard();
+        active.forEach((o) => canvas.remove(o));
-        }
+        canvas.discardActiveObject(); canvas.requestRenderAll(); onCanvasChange();
-      }, disabled: !hasSelection },
+      }, disabled: !hasSel },
       { label: 'Paste', shortcut: 'Ctrl+V', onClick: async () => {
         if (!canvas || clipboardRef.current.length === 0) return;
-        for (const original of clipboardRef.current) {
+        for (const o of clipboardRef.current) {
-          try {
+          try { const c = await cloneFabricObject(o, 20, 20); canvas.add(c); } catch {}
-            const obj = await cloneFabricObject(original, 20, 20);
-            canvas.add(obj);
-          } catch {}
         }
-        canvas.requestRenderAll();
+        canvas.requestRenderAll(); onCanvasChange();
-        onCanvasChange();
       }, disabled: clipboardRef.current.length === 0 },
       { label: 'Duplicate', shortcut: 'Ctrl+D', onClick: async () => {
-        if (!canvas) return;
+        if (!canvas || !hasSel) return;
-        const active = canvas.getActiveObjects();
+        for (const o of active) {
-        for (const original of active) {
+          try { const c = await cloneFabricObject(o, 20, 20); canvas.add(c); } catch {}
-          try {
-            const obj = await cloneFabricObject(original, 20, 20);
-            canvas.add(obj);
-          } catch {}
         }
-        canvas.discardActiveObject();
+        canvas.discardActiveObject(); canvas.requestRenderAll(); onCanvasChange();
-        canvas.requestRenderAll();
+      }, disabled: !hasSel },
-        onCanvasChange();
-      }, disabled: !hasSelection },
       { label: '', shortcut: '', onClick: () => {}, divider: true },
+      // — Alignment —
+      { label: 'Align Left', shortcut: 'Ctrl+\u2190', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.alignLeft(o)), disabled: !multiSel },
+      { label: 'Align Right', shortcut: 'Ctrl+\u2192', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.alignRight(o)), disabled: !multiSel },
+      { label: 'Align Top', shortcut: 'Ctrl+\u2191', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.alignTop(o)), disabled: !multiSel },
+      { label: 'Align Bottom', shortcut: 'Ctrl+\u2193', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.alignBottom(o)), disabled: !multiSel },
+      { label: 'Distribute H', shortcut: '', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.distributeHorizontal(o)), disabled: active.length < 3 },
+      { label: 'Distribute V', shortcut: '', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.distributeVertical(o)), disabled: active.length < 3 },
+      { label: '', shortcut: '', onClick: () => {}, divider: true },
+      // — Layer ordering —
       { label: 'Bring Forward', shortcut: ']', onClick: () => {
         if (!canvas) return;
-        canvas.getActiveObjects().forEach((obj) => canvas.bringObjectForward(obj));
+        active.forEach((o) => (canvas as any).bringObjectForward(o));
-        canvas.requestRenderAll();
+        canvas.requestRenderAll(); onCanvasChange();
-        onCanvasChange();
+      }, disabled: !hasSel },
-      }, disabled: !hasSelection },
       { label: 'Send Backward', shortcut: '[', onClick: () => {
         if (!canvas) return;
-        canvas.getActiveObjects().forEach((obj) => canvas.sendObjectBackwards(obj));
+        active.forEach((o) => (canvas as any).sendObjectBackwards(o));
-        canvas.requestRenderAll();
+        canvas.requestRenderAll(); onCanvasChange();
-        onCanvasChange();
+      }, disabled: !hasSel },
-      }, disabled: !hasSelection },
       { label: '', shortcut: '', onClick: () => {}, divider: true },
-      { label: 'Group', shortcut: 'Ctrl+G', onClick: handleGroup,
+      // — Group —
-        disabled: !canvas || canvas.getActiveObjects().length < 2 },
+      { label: 'Group', shortcut: 'Ctrl+G', onClick: handleGroup, disabled: !multiSel },
       { label: 'Ungroup', shortcut: 'Ctrl+Shift+G', onClick: handleUngroup,
         disabled: !canvas || canvas.getActiveObject()?.type !== 'group' },
       { label: '', shortcut: '', onClick: () => {}, divider: true },
-      { label: 'Arrange Grid', shortcut: '', onClick: () => arrangeObjects('grid'),
+      // — Arrangement —
-        disabled: !canvas || canvas.getActiveObjects().length < 2 },
+      { label: 'Arrange Pack', shortcut: 'Ctrl+Shift+P', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.arrangeOptimal(o)), disabled: !multiSel },
-      { label: 'Arrange Row', shortcut: '', onClick: () => arrangeObjects('row'),
+      { label: 'Arrange Grid', shortcut: '', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.arrangeGrid(o)), disabled: !multiSel },
-        disabled: !canvas || canvas.getActiveObjects().length < 2 },
+      { label: 'Arrange Row', shortcut: '', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.arrangeRow(o)), disabled: !multiSel },
-      { label: 'Arrange Column', shortcut: '', onClick: () => arrangeObjects('column'),
+      { label: 'Arrange Column', shortcut: '', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.arrangeColumn(o)), disabled: !multiSel },
-        disabled: !canvas || canvas.getActiveObjects().length < 2 },
+      { label: 'Stack', shortcut: 'Ctrl+Alt+S', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.stackObjects(o)), disabled: !multiSel },
+      { label: '', shortcut: '', onClick: () => {}, divider: true },
+      // — Normalize —
+      { label: 'Normalize Size', shortcut: '', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.normalizeSize(o)), disabled: !multiSel },
+      { label: 'Normalize Width', shortcut: '', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.normalizeWidth(o)), disabled: !multiSel },
+      { label: 'Normalize Height', shortcut: '', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.normalizeHeight(o)), disabled: !multiSel },
+      { label: '', shortcut: '', onClick: () => {}, divider: true },
+      // — Image —
+      { label: 'Flip Horizontal', shortcut: 'Alt+Shift+H', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.flipHorizontal(o)), disabled: !hasSel },
+      { label: 'Flip Vertical', shortcut: 'Alt+Shift+V', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.flipVertical(o)), disabled: !hasSel },
+      { label: 'Reset Transform', shortcut: 'Ctrl+Shift+T', onClick: () => run((o) => ops.resetTransform(o)), disabled: !hasSel },
       { label: '', shortcut: '', onClick: () => {}, divider: true },
       { label: 'Select All', shortcut: 'Ctrl+A', onClick: () => {
         if (!canvas) return;
@@ -520,211 +517,84 @@ export default function Editor({ isPublicView }: EditorProps) {
       { label: '', shortcut: '', onClick: () => {}, divider: true },
       { label: 'Delete', shortcut: 'Del', onClick: () => {
         if (!canvas) return;
-        const active = canvas.getActiveObjects();
+        active.forEach((o) => canvas.remove(o));
-        active.forEach((obj) => canvas.remove(obj));
+        canvas.discardActiveObject(); canvas.requestRenderAll(); onCanvasChange();
-        canvas.discardActiveObject();
+      }, disabled: !hasSel, danger: true },
-        canvas.requestRenderAll();
-        onCanvasChange();
-      }, disabled: !hasSelection, danger: true },
     ];
-  }, [copySelectionToClipboard, onCanvasChange, handleGroup, handleUngroup, arrangeObjects, cloneFabricObject]);
+  }, [writeCanvasToClipboard, onCanvasChange, handleGroup, handleUngroup, cloneFabricObject]);
 
-  // Keyboard shortcuts
+  // Keyboard shortcuts — registry-based approach
   useEffect(() => {
     async function onKeyDown(e: KeyboardEvent) {
       if (e.target instanceof HTMLInputElement || e.target instanceof HTMLTextAreaElement) return;
 
+      const canvas = canvasRef.current?.getCanvas();
+      if (!canvas) return;
+
+      // Tool shortcuts (bare keys 1-5, v/h/p/t/e — no modifiers)
+      if (!e.ctrlKey && !e.metaKey && !e.altKey) {
         const tool = toolShortcuts[e.key.toLowerCase()];
-      if (tool && !e.ctrlKey && !e.metaKey) {
+        if (tool) {
           setActiveTool(tool);
           return;
         }
-
-      if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.key === 'z' && !e.shiftKey) {
-        e.preventDefault();
-        undoRef.current?.undo();
-        setCanUndo(undoRef.current?.canUndo() ?? false);
-        setCanRedo(undoRef.current?.canRedo() ?? false);
-        onCanvasChange();
-        return;
-      }
-      if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && ((e.key === 'z' && e.shiftKey) || e.key === 'y')) {
-        e.preventDefault();
-        undoRef.current?.redo();
-        setCanUndo(undoRef.current?.canUndo() ?? false);
-        setCanRedo(undoRef.current?.canRedo() ?? false);
-        onCanvasChange();
-        return;
       }
 
-      // Group (Ctrl+G)
+      // Special: Ctrl+V paste — if internal clipboard is empty, let browser/setupPaste handle it
-      if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.key === 'g' && !e.shiftKey) {
+      if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.key === 'v' && !e.shiftKey && !e.altKey) {
-        e.preventDefault();
+        if (clipboardRef.current.length === 0) return;
-        handleGroup();
-        return;
-      }
-      // Ungroup (Ctrl+Shift+G)
-      if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'G') {
-        e.preventDefault();
-        handleUngroup();
-        return;
       }
 
-      // Copy selected objects (internal clipboard + system clipboard image)
+      // Build context for shortcut handlers
-      if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.key === 'c' && !e.shiftKey) {
+      const ctx: ShortcutContext = {
-        const canvas = canvasRef.current?.getCanvas();
+        canvas,
-        if (!canvas) return;
+        getActiveObjects: () => canvas.getActiveObjects(),
-        const active = canvas.getActiveObjects();
+        getActiveObject: () => canvas.getActiveObject() || null,
-        if (active.length > 0) {
+        clipboardRef,
-          // Store actual object refs for cloning later
+        cloneFabricObject,
-          clipboardRef.current = [...active];
+        writeCanvasToClipboard,
-          // Write image to system clipboard (async, doesn't block)
+        onCanvasChange,
-          copySelectionToClipboard();
+        showToast,
-          showToast('Copied');
+        fitAll: () => canvasRef.current?.fitAll(),
-        }
+        setActiveTool,
-        return;
+        undoRef,
-      }
+        setCanUndo,
+        setCanRedo,
+        refreshLayers,
+        handleGroup,
+        handleUngroup,
+        toggleGrid: () => setShowGrid((v) => !v),
+        toggleShowHelp: () => setShowHelp((v) => !v),
+      };
+
+      // Match against sorted registry (most-specific first)
+      for (const def of sortedShortcuts) {
+        if (!matchesShortcut(e, def)) continue;
+
+        // Check selection requirements
+        const activeCount = canvas.getActiveObjects().length;
+        if (def.needsSelection && activeCount === 0) continue;
+        if (def.minSelection && activeCount < def.minSelection) continue;
 
-      // Paste canvas objects (Ctrl+V) — only if we have internal clipboard
-      // Image paste from system clipboard is handled by setupPaste in image-drop.ts
-      if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.key === 'v') {
-        if (clipboardRef.current.length === 0) return; // let setupPaste handle it
-        const canvas = canvasRef.current?.getCanvas();
-        if (!canvas) return;
         e.preventDefault();
-        const newObjs: FabricObject[] = [];
+        await def.handler(ctx);
-        for (const original of clipboardRef.current) {
-          try {
-            const obj = await cloneFabricObject(original, 20, 20);
-            canvas.add(obj);
-            newObjs.push(obj);
-          } catch (err) {
-            console.error('Paste object failed:', err);
-          }
-        }
-        // Update clipboard to cloned positions for subsequent pastes
-        clipboardRef.current = newObjs;
-        canvas.requestRenderAll();
-        onCanvasChange();
-        return;
-      }
 
-      // Copy as image to system clipboard (Ctrl+Shift+C)
+        // Update zoom display after any action
-      if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'C') {
+        setZoom(canvas.getZoom());
-        e.preventDefault();
-        copySelectionToClipboard();
-        return;
-      }
-
-      // Duplicate selected (Ctrl+D)
-      if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.key === 'd') {
-        e.preventDefault();
-        const canvas = canvasRef.current?.getCanvas();
-        if (!canvas) return;
-        const active = canvas.getActiveObjects();
-        if (active.length === 0) return;
-        for (const original of active) {
-          try {
-            const obj = await cloneFabricObject(original, 20, 20);
-            canvas.add(obj);
-          } catch (err) {
-            console.error('Duplicate failed:', err);
-          }
-        }
-        canvas.discardActiveObject();
-        canvas.requestRenderAll();
-        onCanvasChange();
-        return;
-      }
-
-      // Layer ordering
-      if (e.key === ']') {
-        const canvas = canvasRef.current?.getCanvas();
-        if (!canvas) return;
-        const active = canvas.getActiveObjects();
-        active.forEach((obj) => (canvas as any).bringObjectForward(obj));
-        canvas.requestRenderAll();
-        onCanvasChange();
-        return;
-      }
-      if (e.key === '[') {
-        const canvas = canvasRef.current?.getCanvas();
-        if (!canvas) return;
-        const active = canvas.getActiveObjects();
-        active.forEach((obj) => (canvas as any).sendObjectBackwards(obj));
-        canvas.requestRenderAll();
-        onCanvasChange();
-        return;
-      }
-
-      // Zoom in/out with Ctrl+=/Ctrl+-
-      if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && (e.key === '=' || e.key === '+')) {
-        e.preventDefault();
-        const canvas = canvasRef.current?.getCanvas();
-        if (!canvas) return;
-        const z = Math.min(canvas.getZoom() * 1.2, 5);
-        const center = canvas.getCenterPoint();
-        canvas.zoomToPoint(center, z);
-        canvas.requestRenderAll();
-        setZoom(z);
-        return;
-      }
-      if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.key === '-') {
-        e.preventDefault();
-        const canvas = canvasRef.current?.getCanvas();
-        if (!canvas) return;
-        const z = Math.max(canvas.getZoom() / 1.2, 0.1);
-        const center = canvas.getCenterPoint();
-        canvas.zoomToPoint(center, z);
-        canvas.requestRenderAll();
-        setZoom(z);
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if (e.key === 'Delete' || e.key === 'Backspace') {
-        const canvas = canvasRef.current?.getCanvas();
-        if (!canvas) return;
-        const active = canvas.getActiveObjects();
-        if (active.length > 0) {
-          active.forEach((obj) => canvas.remove(obj));
-          canvas.discardActiveObject();
-          canvas.requestRenderAll();
-          onCanvasChange();
-        }
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.key === 'a') {
-        e.preventDefault();
-        const canvas = canvasRef.current?.getCanvas();
-        if (!canvas) return;
-        canvas.discardActiveObject();
-        const fabricNs = (window as any).fabric;
-        if (fabricNs?.ActiveSelection) {
-          const sel = new fabricNs.ActiveSelection(canvas.getObjects(), { canvas });
-          canvas.setActiveObject(sel);
-        }
-        canvas.requestRenderAll();
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.key === '0') {
-        e.preventDefault();
-        canvasRef.current?.fitAll();
         return;
       }
     }
 
     window.addEventListener('keydown', onKeyDown);
     return () => window.removeEventListener('keydown', onKeyDown);
-  }, [onCanvasChange, copySelectionToClipboard, handleGroup, handleUngroup]);
+  }, [onCanvasChange, writeCanvasToClipboard, handleGroup, handleUngroup, cloneFabricObject, showToast, refreshLayers]);
 
   // Save on page unload
   useEffect(() => {
     function onBeforeUnload() {
       const canvas = canvasRef.current?.getCanvas();
       if (!canvas || !resolvedBoardId) return;
-      const state = JSON.stringify((canvas as any).toJSON(['id']));
+      const state = JSON.stringify((canvas as any).toJSON(['id', 'crossOrigin']));
       const blob = new Blob([JSON.stringify({ canvas_state: state })], { type: 'application/json' });
       navigator.sendBeacon(`/api/boards/${resolvedBoardId}/save`, blob);
     }
@@ -855,6 +725,7 @@ export default function Editor({ isPublicView }: EditorProps) {
         onlineUsers={onlineUsers}
         onToggleLayers={() => setShowLayers((v) => !v)}
         showLayers={showLayers}
+        onToggleHelp={() => setShowHelp((v) => !v)}
         boardName={board?.name}
       />
 
@@ -872,6 +743,24 @@ export default function Editor({ isPublicView }: EditorProps) {
           canvasTransform={canvasTransform}
         />
 
+        {/* Grid overlay */}
+        {showGrid && (
+          <svg
+            style={{ position: 'absolute', inset: 0, pointerEvents: 'none', zIndex: 1 }}
+            width="100%" height="100%"
+          >
+            <defs>
+              <pattern id="grid50" width={50 * (canvasTransform[0] || 1)} height={50 * (canvasTransform[3] || 1)} patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
+                x={(canvasTransform[4] || 0) % (50 * (canvasTransform[0] || 1))}
+                y={(canvasTransform[5] || 0) % (50 * (canvasTransform[3] || 1))}>
+                <line x1="0" y1="0" x2={50 * (canvasTransform[0] || 1)} y2="0" stroke="rgba(255,255,255,0.04)" strokeWidth="1" />
+                <line x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2={50 * (canvasTransform[3] || 1)} stroke="rgba(255,255,255,0.04)" strokeWidth="1" />
+              </pattern>
+            </defs>
+            <rect width="100%" height="100%" fill="url(#grid50)" />
+          </svg>
+        )}
+
         {/* Empty canvas guide */}
         {imageCount === 0 && !canvasState?.objects?.length && (
           <div style={{
@@ -997,6 +886,11 @@ export default function Editor({ isPublicView }: EditorProps) {
         imageCount={imageCount}
         saveStatus={saveStatus}
       />
+
+      {/* Shortcuts help overlay */}
+      {showHelp && (
+        <ShortcutsHelp shortcuts={shortcutDefs} onClose={() => setShowHelp(false)} />
+      )}
     </div>
   );
 }